Quantifying the pain due to keel bone fractures in laying hens
In Quantifying Pain in Laying Hens (Ch. 3). (2021)
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Abstract
Bone fractures are among the most serious welfare problems affecting laying hens in modern egg production [1–4]. Although many are the risk factors increasing the likelihood of fractures [4], decades of genetic selection for early sexual maturity, elevated and extended egg production have contributed to increased bone fragility due to the high calcium requirements for eggshell formation and the progressive loss of bone mass [2,4–7].
Recommended citation:
Schuck-Paim C., Alonso WJ 2021. Quantifying the Pain due to Keel Bone Fractures in Laying Hens. In: Schuck-Paim C, Alonso WJ, editors. Quantifying Pain in Laying Hens. Independently published. https://tinyurl.com/bookhens